APA 7th referencing

Webpage on a website

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s) or Organisation. (year). Title of webpage in italics. Site Name. URL

Reference list examples

Department of Education, Skills and Employment. (2021). International education engagement. https://www.dese.gov.au/international-education-engagement

DevelopmentWA. (n.d.). Yagan Square. https://developmentwa.com.au/projects/redevelopment/yagan-square/overview

Hansen, J. (2019). Coming together in times of crisis. Sea Shepherd. https://seashepherd.org.au/latest-news/bushfire-commentary

(Hansen, 2019).

OR

Hansen (2019) states…

(DevelopmentWA, n.d.).

OR

According to the DevelopmentWA (n.d.)…

If quoting

“We must unite behind the science “ (Hansen, 2019, para. 2).

OR

Hansen (2019) suggests that “we must unite behind the science” (para. 2).

Note. When quoting, if there is no page number, use a paragraph number instead

Optional organisation name abbreviation

First citation:

(Department of Education, Skills and Employment [DESE], 2021).

The Department of Education, Skills and Employment (DESE, 2021) suggests …

Subsequent citations:

(DESE, 2021).

DESE (2021) provides…

  • When the author and the site name are the same, omit the site name
  • If there is no date on the webpage, replace the year with (n.d.). The copyright date for the website should not be used as a publication date for a particular webpage. If there is a last updated date on the page then this can be used
  • For multiple pages from the same website published in the same year include a unique reference list entry for each and differentiate with a, b, c after the date in-text and in the reference list e.g. (2021a) (2021b) (n.d.-a) (n.d.-b)

Webpage on a news website

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year, Month day). Title of article in italics. Site Name. URL

Reference list examples

In the former capital of pro-slavery America, Confederate statues are coming down. (2020, July 2). SBS News. https://sbs.com.au/news/in-the-former-capital-of-pro-slavery-america-confederate-statues-are-coming-down

Hill, B., Unik, B., Bonson, D., Dodd, J., & Bennett, S. (2021, June 25). New research shows how Indigenous LGBTIQ+ people don’t feel fully accepted by either community. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/new-research-shows-how-indigenous-lgbtiq-people-don’t-feel-fully-accepted-by-either-community-161096

Thannoo, J., & Collins, A. (2023, October 2). Echidnas communicating with each other recorded for first time by Curtin University researchers. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-02/echidna-sounds-recorded-for-first-time-by-curtin-university/102917730

(In the Former Capital, 2020).

OR

The article In the Former Capital (2020) suggests…

(Thannoo & Collins, 2023).

OR

Thannoo and Collins (2023) report that…

If quoting

“Researchers from Curtin University have obtained recordings of short-beaked echidnas producing a range of sounds including cooing, grunting, and wheezing” (Thannoo & Collins, 2023, para. 2).

OR

Thannoo and Collins (2023) report “researchers from Curtin University have obtained recordings of short-beaked echidnas producing a range of sounds including cooing, grunting, and wheezing” (para. 2).

If the article has no author, use the first few words from the article title alongside the year of publication so that your reader can easily locate the correct reference list entry:

In the article In the Former Capital (2020), the mayor of Richmond states that removing confederate statues “will expedite the healing process for the city” (para. 3).

OR

The mayor of Richmond states that removing confederate statues “will expedite the healing process for the city” (In the Former Capital, 2020, para. 3).

  • Use for articles from online news sources that don’t have an associated daily or weekly newspaper

Online dictionary or encyclopedia entry (e.g. Wikipedia)

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s) or Organisation. (year). Title of entry. In Editor Initial(s). Editor Surname (Ed.), Title of dictionary or encyclopedia in italics (# ed.). Publisher Name. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL

Reference list examples

Ecology. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 15, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Behaviorism. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 20, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/behaviorism

Pavese, C. (2021). Knowledge how. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2021 ed.). Stanford University. Retrieved June 26, 2021, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-how/

(“Ecology,” n.d.).

OR

“Ecology” (n.d.) explores…

If quoting

Behaviourism is defined as “a school of psychology that takes the objective evidence of behavior” (Merriam-Webster, n.d., para. 1).

OR

Merriam-Webster (n.d.) defines behaviourism as “a school of psychology that takes the objective evidence of behavior” (para. 1).

Note. When quoting, if there is no page number, use a paragraph number instead.

  • Check with your lecturer first that sources such as Wikipedia are appropriate for use in your assignment
  • The title moves to the author position when there is no author
  • If the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher
  • Include a retrieval date when the source material may change over time
  • If there is no date on the webpage, replace the year with (n.d.)

Lecture

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of lecture in italics [Format]. Site name. URL

Reference list examples

Leaver, T. (2012). Social media rivers [iLecture]. Blackboard. https://echo.ilecture.curtin.edu.au

Richardson, C. (2015). RDA management [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard. https://lms.curtin.edu.au

(Leaver, 2012).

OR

Leaver (2012) posits…

If quoting

“We don’t just portray ourselves online” (Leaver, 2012, 1:30).

OR

Richardson (2015) states that “RDA is responsible for most of the development in the area” (slide 9).

Note. If quoting from a recorded lecture, include a timestamp alongside the author and date indicating the point at which the quotation begins. For a PowerPoint presentation, include the slide number.

  • Include the format of the lecture in square brackets after the title of the lecture