APA 7th referencing

Blog post

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year, Month day). Title of blog post. Blog Name in italics. URL

Reference list example

saywhatnathan. (2019, November 6). Anniversaries need to be uncomfortable. Archival Decolonist. https://archivaldecolonist.com/2019/11/06/anniversaries-need-to-be-uncomfortable/

Tay, A. (2019, January 15). Why our citation practices make no sense. Musings About Librarianship. http://musingsaboutlibrarianship.blogspot.com/2019/01/why-our-citation-practices-make-no-sense.html

(Tay, 2019).

OR

Tay (2019) makes the case that…

If quoting

“Every year, thousands of hours are devoted…into beating citations into shape” (Tay, 2019, para. 3).

OR

Tay (2019) argues “every year, thousands of hours are devoted…into beating citations into shape” (para. 3).

Note. When quoting, if there is no page number, use a paragraph number instead.

  • If the author’s name is not available, provide the username

Social media post

Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Reddit, TikTok, Threads, X (Twitter) etc.

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). or Organisation [Username]. (year, Month day posted). Content of the post up to the first 20 words in italics [Description]. Source. URL

Reference list examples

ABC News Australia [@abcnewsau]. (2023, November 11). What we’ve discovered is that we can take waste textiles and grind them up into really fine particles, which we [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@abcnewsaus/video/7298573844044844290

Curtin University. (2023, November 9). Check out these highlights from the Bachelor of Creative Arts Exhibition at this year’s Faculty of Humanities Graduate Showcase! The [Images attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/curtinuniversity_curtinuniversity-curtinlife-curtingradshow23-activity-7127960735678173184-NOIb/

Obama, B. (2018, January 1). During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading and play lists. It was a nice way to [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749

Souza, P. [@petesouza]. (2018, February 8). A loving touch [Photograph]. Instagram. https://instagram.com/p/Be8MsHcI8DP

(Obama, 2018).

OR

Obama (2018) revealed…

If quoting

The former president shared “songs that got me moving” (Obama, 2018, para.1).

OR

Obama (2018) shared “songs that got me moving” (para. 1).

Note: When quoting, if there is no page number, use a paragraph number instead. For videos, include a timestamp indicating the point at which the quotation begins, e.g. (ABC News Australia, 2023, 0:50)

  • If the real name of the author is unknown, include only the username without brackets
  • If no exact date is provided for a post, use the date information to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference
  • Provide a description of the content in square brackets after the title of the post e.g., Post, Video, Photograph, Poll, Status update, Infographic etc.
  • Do not alter the spelling or capitalisation used in the post

Social media profile or page

Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Threads, TikTok, X (Twitter) etc.

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). or Organisation [username]. (Year). Title of page in italics [Description]. Source. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Reference list examples

ABC News Australia [@abcnewsaus]. (n.d.). “this is the kind of news I’m on this app for” [TikTok profile]. Retrieved November 15, 2023 from https://www.tiktok.com/@abcnewsaus/

Curtin University. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn profile]. Retrieved November 15, 2023 from https://www.linkedin.com/school/curtinuniversity/

Swift, T. [@taylorswift] (n.d.). Reels [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved November 15, 2023 from https://www.instagram.com/taylorswift/reels/

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Posts [Facebook page]. Retrieved November 15, 2023 from https://www.facebook.com/WHO/

(Swift, n.d.).

OR

Swift (n.d.) posts regularly…

  • Use the page title in the reference, e.g. Home, About, Posts etc.
  • As TikTok does not have page titles, use the first 20 words of the description as the title. If there is no description, omit the title from the reference
  • Provide a description of the content inside square brackets after the title e.g. Facebook page, Instagram profile, LinkedIn profile etc.
  • Include a retrieval date as the page changes over time and is not archived
  • Do not alter the spelling or capitalisation used