Chicago 18th Author-Date

Webpage on a website

Reference components

Author Surname, First Name(s) or Organisation Name. Year. “Title of Webpage.” Website Name or Owning Organisation. URL.

Reference list examples

DET (Department of Education and Training). 2016. “Improving Australian and European Mobility.” Australian Government. https://www.education.gov.au/news/improving-australian-and-european-mobility.

DevelopmentWA. n.d. “Yagan Square.” DevelopmentWA. Accessed April 8, 2020. http://www.developmentwa.com.au/projects/redevelopment/yagan-square/overview.

Wikipedia Foundation. 2025. “Carbon Footprint.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprint.

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • If there is no author, cite the name of the organisation that owns the website
  • If you have used an abbreviation for the organisation name in the in-text citation, list the abbreviation first, followed by the organisation’s full name in brackets in the reference list entry
  • If the webpage has no date of publication or revision date, use n.d. in place of the year and add the accessed date before the URL
  • For multiple pages from the same website published in the same year, include a unique reference for each (ordered alphabetically by title), and differentiate with a, b, c etc. after the date in-text and in the reference list e.g. 2019a. 2019b.
  • When quoting, if there are no page numbers, cite another identifier in-text.

Blog post

Reference components

Author Surname, First Name(s). Year. “Title of Blog Post.” Title of Blog in Italics, Month Day. URL.

Reference list example

Huberman, Ben. 2016. “Live from Paris: David Lebovitz on Food, France, and Writing.” Discover (blog), March 3. https://discover.wordpress.com/2016/03/03/david-lebovitz-food-france-writing/.

Sentance, Nathan M. 2019. “Anniversaries Need to be Uncomfortable.” Archival Decolonist (blog), November 6. https://archivaldecolonist.com/2019/11/06/anniversaries-need-to-be-uncomfortable/.

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • The word blog enclosed in brackets may be added after the title of the blog, unless it is part of the title
  • If the author’s name is not available, use the username
  • When quoting, if there are no page numbers, cite another identifier in-text
  • Blog comments are not included in the reference list, but should be cited within the text itself e.g.

A comment posted about the Library’s closing message (2015) from the Curtin Library Blog on May 2, 2015 suggested that …

Social media post

Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TikTok, X (Twitter) etc.

Reference components

Author Surname, First Name(s) (Screen Name). Year. “Title of entry or up to the first 280 characters of the post.” Name of Platform, Month Day. URL.

Reference list examples

ABC News Australia (@abcnewsau). 2023. “What we’ve discovered is that we can take waste textiles and grind them up into really fine particles.” TikTok, November 11. https://www.tiktok.com/@abcnewsaus/video/7298573844044844290.

Curtin University. 2023. “Check out these highlights from the Bachelor of Creative Arts Exhibition at this year’s Faculty of Humanities Graduate Showcase!” LinkedIn, November 9. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/curtinuniversity_curtinuniversity-curtinlife-curtingradshow23-activity-7127960735678173184-NOIb/.

Obama, Barack. (@barakobama). 2018. “During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading lists and play lists.” Facebook, January 1. https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2018. “A loving touch.” Instagram, February 8. https://www.instagram.com/p/Be8MsHcl8DP/.

University of Melbourne Library (@unilibrary). 2018. “Good morning one and all. #Onthisday in 1975 90% of Icelandic women went on strike, refusing to work in protest of gender inequality.” X, October 24. https://x.com/unilibrary/status/1054855102111064065.

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • If the author’s real name is unknown, provide their username or screen name, without the brackets
  • For the title, list up to the first 280 characters of the post, including spaces, and retaining any emojis
  • Follow the style of capitalisation used in the post, rather than the title case capitalisation required for titles in other reference types
  • When quoting, if there are no page numbers, cite another identifier in-text
  • Comments on social media posts are not included in the reference list, but should be cited within the text itself e.g.

Stephanie Lopez replied to President Obama’s Facebook post thanking him for his leadership as the President (January 1, 2018, comment on Obama 2018).