IEEE referencing

Author variations

The author variations below apply to all reference types (books, journal articles, websites, etc.).

For reference list entries:

  • The given name of the author or editor is abbreviated to the initial only, followed by a full stop, a space, and the surname (last name), e.g. Jane Smith appears as J. Smith
  • If a middle name or initial is included, it appears after the first initial with a space in between, e.g., J. A. Smith
  • Include a comma after each author and use the word ‘and’ before the last author’s name (e.g., J. Smith, A. Taylor, and K. Mason). There is a variation to this for more than six authors.
  • Do not use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names, e.g., J. Smith Jr.; R. J. Taylor Sr.; D. Clements II.
  • List authors in the order they appear on the source you are referencing.

If no personal author is given, check to see if an organisation has acted as the author. Where there are no authors and you are sure that your source is credible, use the title of the work in place of the author in the reference list.

Reference examples

Organisation as author

[1] United Nations Development Programme. “UN-Energy.” UNDP.org. Accessed: Jan. 8, 2024. [Online.] Available: https://www.undp.org/energy/change-network/un-energy

Title of work in place of the author

[1] “Tonnes of cargo wash up on NSW beaches after stricken ship sheds load.” heraldsun.com.au. Accessed Jan. 9, 2024. [Online.] Available: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/tonnes-of-cargo-wash-up-on-nsw-beaches-after-stricken-ship-sheds-load/news-story/4a0e4744d4e1c0c8614c2347591b81bb

List all names in the order they are given. Separate each name by a comma, and type and before the last name.

Reference example

[1] R. Fowler, O. Elmhirst and J. Richards, “Electrification in the United Kingdom: A Case Study Based on Future Energy Scenarios,” IEEE Power and Energy Mag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 48-57, July-Aug. 2018. doi: 10.1109/MPE.2018.2822864.

If there are more than six authors, use the first author’s name followed by et al.

Reference example

[1] C. Breyer et al., “On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 78176-78218, Jul. 2022. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402

Datasets and data sheets

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s), Surname, abbreviated Month Day, Year of publication, “Title of Dataset,” distributed by Publisher/Distributor, URL or DOI.

Reference example

[1] S. Savazzi, Aug. 2021, “mmWave RIMO radar dataset for testing,” distributed by IEEE Dataport, Federated Learning, doi: 10.21227/0wmc-hq36.

Style notes

  • If there are several dates given, use the issued date.
  • If a country is named in the title of the dataset, use an abbreviation, e.g., Aus. for Australia, USA for United States of America.
  • The title of the dataset is written in headline style capitalisation (each significant word is capitalised).
  • Do not end with a period if the URL is used instead of the DOI.
  • Include a full stop after the abbreviated month.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Company Name, “Title of Data sheet,” Data Sheet number, Date of Publication [Revised date]

Reference example

Texas Instruments, “High speed CMOS logic analog multiplexers/demultiplexers,” 74HC4051, Nov. 1997 [Revised Sept. 2002].

Style notes

  • The word Revised must be included in the square brackets before the revised date.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Title of MSDS/SDS in Italics; Number of MSDS/SDS [Print or Online]; Name of Manufacturing Company: Location of Company, Date of Publication, URL (accessed abbreviated month. day, year).

Reference example

[1] Hydrofluoric Acid 48-51% p.a, ACS; SDS No. 000000020540 [Online]; ChemSupply: Gillman, South Australia, Nov. 6, 2017, https://shop.chemsupply.com.au/documents/66156_SDS.pdf (accessed Dec. 18, 2023).

Style notes

  • Only include Print or Online inside the square brackets.
  • Include the word accessed inside the brackets before the date.

Conference papers

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conference., location of conference (optional), Month and day(s) if provided, year, page range.

Reference examples

[1] L. M. Quinn, H. H. Zeng and Y. P. Liang, “Research development on constructed wetlands,” in 2014 2nd Int. Conf. Energy Eng. and Environ. Eng., Hong Kong, China, Jan. 10-11, pp. 388-393.
[2] A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp.4301–4304.

Style notes

  • When abbreviating the name of the conference, leave out prepositions such as “of the” or “on”. For example, Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robot. Automat. Conf. See the IEEE abbreviations page for more information.
  • If the year is given in the conference title, it does not need to be included at the end of the reference.
  • Use the numerical form of an ordinal number instead of spelling it out, e.g., use “1st” not “First”.
  • All published conference papers will have page numbers.
  • If the paper has an editor, include their name after the Abbreviated Name of Conference., with Ed(s) after the Surname.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conference., location of conference (optional), year, page range (if provided), doi:

Reference example

[1] A. Padon, B. Punson, P. Iamtrakul and J. Klaylee, “The study on association between urban green space and temperature changes in mega city,” in 2020 Int. Conf. Utility Exhib. Energy, Environ. Climate Change, Thailand, doi: 10.1109/ICUE49301.2020.9307077

Style notes

  • When abbreviating the name of the conference, leave out prepositions such as “of the” or “on”. For example, Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robot. Automat. Conf. See the IEEE abbreviations page for more information.
  • If the year is given in the conference title, it does not need to be included at the end of the reference.
  • Use the numerical form of an ordinal number instead of spelling it out, e.g., use “1st” not “First”.
  • Include the location if it is provided. It can be omitted if it has not been given.
  • All published conference papers will have page numbers.
  • If the paper has an editor, include their name after the Abbreviated Name of Conference., with Ed(s) after the Surname.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated name of Conference in italics, City of Conference, Abbrev. State, Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number (if provided), page range.

Reference example

[1] M. Ge and J. Li, “STEM intervention strategies: Sowing the seeds for more women in STEM” presented at the 28th Annu. Conf. AAEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Dec. 10-13, 2017, pp. 254-262.

Style notes

  • When abbreviating the name of the conference, leave out prepositions such as “of the” or “on”. For example, Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robot. Automat. Conf. See the IEEE abbreviations page for more information.
  • Use the numerical form of an ordinal number instead of spelling it out, e.g., use “1st” not “First”.
  • If the year is given in the conference title, it does not need to be included at the end of the reference.

Reports and standards

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Title of report,” Abbreviated Name of Company or Institution., City, State, Country, Report Number, date. [Online]. Available: URL

Reference examples

[1] R. J. Hijmans, R. Bivand, E. Pebesma and M. D. Sumner, “Terra: Spatial data analysis,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Dec. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/terra/index.html
[2] Department of Industry, Science and Resources, “National quantum strategy,” Australia, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/national-quantum-strategy.pdf

Style notes

  • If the report is in print, i.e. not online, replace the date with just the year, and leave out the [Online] and Available: URL components.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Title of Standard in Italics, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. [Online]. Available: URL

Reference example

[1] Amusement rides and devices, AS 3533.1, Standards Australia, Dec. 5 1997. [Online]. Available: https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/as3000/3500/35331.pdf

Style notes

  • If not online, leave out the [Online] and Available: URL components.
  • The month and/or day can be left out if they aren’t known.

Manuals and software

Reference components

[Source citation number] Abbreviated Name of Company., City of Company, State, Country. Name of Manual/Handbook in Italics, edition number ed. (year). Accessed: Month. Day, Year. [Online]. Available: URL

Reference example

[1] Totem Mech. for Beginners, Vilnius, Lithuania. T-Rex Assembly Guide Young Engineer Kit, 1st ed. (2019). Accessed: Dec. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.manualslib.com/manual/2064330/Totem-T-Rex.html?page=2#manual

Style notes

  • If there are several dates given, use the issued date.
  • Use an abbreviation for the name of the country.
  • If the manual has an author rather than a company use the components below:
[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, Name of Manual/Handbook in Italics, edition number ed. (year). Accessed: Month Day, Year. [Online]. Available: URL

Reference components

[Source citation number] Name of Manual/Handbook in Italics, edition number in italics ed., Abbreviated name of Company., City of Company., State, Country, year, pp. page range.

Reference example

[1] Microsoft Office 97 Visual Basic Programmer’s Guide, Microsoft Professional Editions Series, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA, 1997.

Style notes

  • If there are several dates given, use the issued date.
  • Use an abbreviation for the name of the country.
  • If the manual has an edition title instead of an edition number include the title in italics, as seen in the example above.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname. Title of Software in Italics. Date Repository or Archive. (version or year). Publisher Name. Accessed: Date (if applicable). [Type of Medium]. Global Persistent Identifier. Available: site/path/file

Reference examples

[1] D. W. Arning et al. Mixed Mode–Mixed Level Circuit Simulator. (2011). Ngspice. Accessed: Jan.11, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://ngspice.sourceforge.net
[2] MathWorks. MATLAB Online. Accessed: Jan. 9, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://au.mathworks.com/products/matlab-online.html

Style notes

  • IEEE follows the FORCE11 Software Citation Principles. For more specific information on software reference details see the Software section of the IEEE Reference Guide

Books

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, Title of the Book in Italics, # ed. City of Publisher, State (USA only), Country: Abbreviation of Publisher, year, chapter number ch. #, section number sec. # (if provided), page range pp. ###-###.

Reference example

[1] S. A. Nasar, Electric Machines and Power Systems, International ed. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1995, pp. 55-73.

Style notes

  • If the author(s) of the book are listed as ‘editors’, include Ed(s). after all of the author(s) names.
  • If the book chapter does not have a title, go straight to the title of the book after the author(s), leaving out the word ‘in’.
  • Only include the publisher’s State if the item was published in the USA.
  • If the edition of the item is not listed, place a full stop after the title of the book, and proceed to city of publisher.
  • Provide page numbers if you have quoted the source.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of chapter in the book”, in Title of the Book in Italics, editor initial(s). editor surname, Ed., City of Publisher, State (USA only), Country: Abbreviation of Publisher, year, pp. ###-###.

Reference example

[1] R. G. Deshmukh, “Energy storing devices for sustainable environment”, in Smart Electrical Grid System, K. Arora, S. L. Tripathi and S. Padmanaban, Eds., Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, 2022, pp. 53-70

Style notes

  • If the author(s) of the book are listed as ‘editors’, include Ed(s). after all of the author/s names.
  • Only include the publisher’s State if the item was published in the USA.
  • If the edition of the item is not listed, place a full stop after the title of the book, and proceed to city of publisher.
  • Provide page numbers if you have quoted the source.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of chapter in the book.” in Title of the Book in Italics, # ed. City of Publisher, State (USA only), Country: Abbreviation of Publisher, year, ch. #, sec. #, pp. ###-###. [Online]. Available: URL doi: (if available).

Reference example

[1] M.G. Simoes, Artificial Intelligence for Smarter Power Systems: Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks, UK: Inst. of Eng. and Tech, 2021, pp. 37-63. [Online]. doi: 10.1049/PBPO161E

Style notes

  • All references end with a full stop, unless the reference ends with a URL.
  • If a reference contains both a URL and a DOI, list both and end with the DOI.
  • If the author(s) of the book are listed as ‘editors’, include Ed(s). after all of the author/s names.
  • If the book chapter does not have a title, go straight to the title of the book after the author(s), leaving out the word ‘in’.
  • Only include the publisher’s State if the item was published in the USA.
  • If the edition of the item is not listed, place a full stop after the title of the book, and proceed to city of publisher.
  • Provide page numbers if you have quoted the source.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of thesis,” [Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis], Abbreviated Dept., Abbreviated Univ., City of Univ., Abbreviated State, year. [Online]. Available: URL

Reference example

[1] J. Darbyshire, “Multi-function power electronic interface for hybrid mini-grid systems,” [Master’s thesis], School of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Curtin Univ., Perth, WA, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/2394

Style notes

  • All references end with a full stop, unless the reference ends with a URL.
  • If published in the USA, and the state name is included in the name of university, do not include the separate state abbreviation in the reference.
  • If the thesis has been accessed in print form, i.e. not online, do not include the [Online] or the Available: URL in the reference list entry.

Journals

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Name of paper,” Abbreviated Title of Journal in italics., vol. volume number, no. issue number, pp. page range, abbreviated month. year, doi:

Reference example

[1] W. Jahn, J. L. Urban and G. Rein, “Climate change: Could there be more electricity blackouts in the future?,” IEEE Power and Energy Mag., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 16-27, Jan./Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1109/MPE.2021.3122755

Style notes

  • If there is no month of publication available, place a comma after the page range and then the year.
  • If there is no DOI associated with the article, use [Online]. Available: URL after the year where the DOI would normally go in the reference.
  • To reference an article that has been accepted or scheduled for publication use the components Author, Name of paper, and the abbreviated title of the journal followed by to be published as shown below:

E.H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., to be published.

  • If a paper has been submitted for publication but hasn’t been accepted use submitted for publication instead of to be published.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Name of paper,” IEEE Trans. Abbreviated Title of Journal in Italics., vol. volume number, no. issue number, page range, abbreviated month. year, doi:

Reference example

[1] C. Gerlein-Safdi, P. Kohler, S. Wang, M. Flanner, G. Keppel-Aleks and C. Frankenburg, “Algae blooms on the Greenland ice sheet detected through solar-induced fluorescence,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens., vol. 61, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3305194

Style notes

  • If there is no month of publication available, place a comma after the page range and then the year.
  • If there is no DOI associated with the article, use [Online]. Available: URL after the year where the DOI would normally go in the reference.
  • To reference an article that has been accepted or scheduled for publication use the components Author, Name of paper, and the abbreviated title of the journal followed by to be published as shown below:

E.H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., to be published.

  • If a paper has been submitted for publication but hasn’t been accepted use submitted for publication instead of to be published.

Websites and social media

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Title of page.” Site Name. Accessed: abbreviated Month. Day, Year. [Online.] Available: URL

Reference examples

[1] M. Clarke, “Human-robot teamwork makes the dream work.” CSIRO.au. Accessed: Dec. 18, 2023. [Online.] Available: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/Articles/2022/October/collaborative-intelligence
[2] CSIRO, “Satellite calibration and validation.” CSIRO.au. Accessed Jan. 10, 2023. [Online.] Available: https://www.csiro.au/en/research/technology-space/astronomy-space/Calval

Style notes

  • Don’t place a full stop after URLs.
  • For a page with two or more authors, list all authors as they appear on the site. Separate each name with a comma and include and before the last name.
  • If the website does not list an author you can use the name of the organisation instead.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Title of post.” Site Name. Accessed: abbreviated Month. Day, Year. [Online.] Available: URL

Reference examples

[1] P. Bruce, “Nothing is ever by default “good enough” tomorrow, only possibly good enough today.” X. Accessed: Jan. 10, 2023. [Online.] Available: https://twitter.com/paulsbruce/status/1321044861898919938
[2] IEEE TryEngineering, “Dark matter day 2023.” Facebook. Accessed: Jan. 10, 2023. [Online.] Available: https://www.facebook.com/TryEngineering.org/

Style notes

  • If referencing a tweet of 25 words or less, include the full tweet as the Title of post.
  • For informal websites such as home page or fan websites, or websites without formal titles, use a descriptive phrase in place of the site name.
  • Don’t place a full stop after URLs.
  • For a page with two or more authors, list all authors as they appear on the site. Separate each name with a comma and include and before the last name.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Video owner/Creator, Location (if available). Title of Video in Italics. (Release Date). Accessed: Month Day, Year. [Online Video]. Available: URL

Reference examples

[1] The Global Power System Transformation Consortium, USA. New IEEE Standards Development for Distributed Energy Resources. (Nov. 11, 2022). Accessed: Dec. 16, 2023. [Online Video]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwAbcSWRMaA
[2] A. Hajimiri, Canada. How wireless energy from space could power everything. (Apr. 2023). Accessed: Dec. 16, 2023. [Online Video]. Available: https://www.ted.com/talks/ali_hajimiri_how_wireless_energy_from_space_could_power_everything?language=en

Style notes

  • For informal websites such as home page or fan websites, or websites without formal titles, use a descriptive phrase in place of the site name.
  • Don’t place a full stop after URLs.
  • For a page with two or more authors, list all authors as they appear on the site. Separate each name with a comma and include and before the last name.

Patents

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author’s initial(s). Surname, “Title of patent,” name of country Patent and patent number, abbreviated Month. Day, Year.

Reference example

[1] G. J. Su, “Electric vehicle system for charging and supplying electrical power,” USA Patent US7733039B2, Sept. 21, 2007.

Style notes

  • If there are several dates given, use the issued date.
  • Use an abbreviation for the name of the country.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Name of the invention, by inventor’s initial(s). Surname. (year, month day). Patent number [Online]. Available: site/path/file.

Reference example

[1] Controlled cooling of an electronic system for reduced energy consumption, by M. P. David, M. K. Iyengar and R. R. Schmidt. (2018, Jan. 30). US9879926B2 [Online]. Available: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/9879926

Indigenous Knowledges

Indigenous knowledges are those which are held and continuously developed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia or other First Nations people globally. IP Australia (2021) defines two distinct areas:

  • Cultural Expressions - including language, stories, songlines, music, performance, visual arts, crafts, architecture, designs and symbols
  • Knowledge - including know-how, practices, skills and innovations, often related but not limited to agricultural, scientific, technical, ecological, medicinal and biodiversity-related knowledge.

How this information is referenced depends on how you have accessed it.

Published sources

Indigenous authored

If you have read a book or journal article, watched a YouTube video or listened to a podcast created by an Indigenous person, follow the guidelines provided in this guide to create your in-text citation and reference list entry according to the source type.

Non-Indigenous authored

Indigenous knowledge may be communicated by non-Indigenous authors. Wherever possible, the author, the Indigenous person, and the appropriate community or language group should be referenced within your narrative and then assigned a citation number which links to an entry in your reference list entry according to the source type.

Non-published sources

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have an oral tradition, meaning their knowledges, beliefs and customs are passed down verbally or through other cultural expressions. If the information has been communicated with you directly (e.g. you have spoken to an Indigenous person directly) and you have permission to use it in your work, follow the guidelines for referencing a Private communication source, but also include the Indigenous community or language group, if known.

Unpublished

Unpublished sources includes private communications and papers still in preparation. Private communications includes emails, text messages, online chats, letters, memos, personal (unpublished) interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches etc. Private communications may not be acceptable to include in your assignment – please check with your lecturer/tutor before doing so.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, private communication, abbreviated Month Day, Year.

Reference examples

[1] K. F. Taylor, private communication, Jun., 2017.

Style notes

  • If referencing a non-published Indigenous source include the Indigenous community or language group after the Surname, if known.

Reference components

[Source citation number] Author initial(s). Surname, “Title of paper,” unpublished.

Reference example

[1] K. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.

Style notes

  • To reference an article that has been accepted or scheduled for publication use the components Author, Name of paper, and the abbreviated title of the journal followed by to be published as shown below:

E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., to be published.

  • If a paper has been submitted for publication but hasn’t been accepted use submitted for publication instead of to be published.

Reference list example

References

[1] United Nations Development Programme. “UN-Energy.” UNDP.org. Accessed: Jan. 8, 2024. [Online.] Available: https://www.undp.org/energy/change-network/un-energy
[2] “Tonnes of cargo wash up on NSW beaches after stricken ship sheds load.” heraldsun.com.au. Accessed Jan. 9, 2024. [Online.] Available: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/tonnes-of-cargo-wash-up-on-nsw-beaches-after-stricken-ship-sheds-load/news-story/4a0e4744d4e1c0c8614c2347591b81bb
[3] R. Fowler, O. Elmhirst and J. Richards, “Electrification in the United Kingdom: A case study based on future energy scenarios,” IEEE Power and Energy Mag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 48-57, July-Aug. 2018. doi: 10.1109/MPE.2018.2822864.
[4] C. Breyer, et al., “On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 78176-78218, Jul. 2022. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402.
[5] S. Savazzi, Aug. 2021, “mmWave RIMO Radar Dataset for Testing,” IEEE Dataport, Federated Learning, doi: 10.21227/0wmc-hq36.
[6] Texas Instruments, “High speed CMOS logic analog multiplexers/demultiplexers,” 74HC4051, Nov. 1997 [Revised Sept. 2002].
[7] Hydrofluoric Acid 48-51% p.a, ACS; SDS No. 000000020540 [Online]; ChemSupply: Gillman, South Australia, Nov. 6, 2017, https://shop.chemsupply.com.au/documents/66156_SDS.pdf (accessed Dec. 18, 2023).
[8] L. M. Quinn, H. H. Zeng and Y. P. Liang, “Research development on constructed wetlands,” in 2014 2nd Int. Conf. Energy Eng. and Environ. Eng., Hong Kong, China, Jan. 10-11, pp. 388-393.
[9] A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp.4301–4304.
[10] A. Padon, B. Punson, P. Iamtrakul and J. Klaylee, “The study on association between urban green space and temperature changes in mega city,” in 2020 Int. Conf. Utility Exhib. Energy, Environ. Climate Change, Thailand, doi: 10.1109/ICUE49301.2020.9307077.
[11] M. Ge and J. Li, “STEM intervention strategies: Sowing the seeds for more women in STEM” presented at the 28th Annu. Conf. AAEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Dec. 10-13 2017, pp. 254-262.
[12] R. J. Hijmans, R. Bivand, E. Pebesma and M.D. Sumner, “Terra: Spatial data analysis,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Dec. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/terra/index.html
[13] Department of Industry, Science and Resources, “National quantum strategy,” Australia, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/national-quantum-strategy.pdf
[14] Amusement rides and devices, AS 3533.1, Standards Australia, Dec. 5, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/as3000/3500/35331.pdf
[15] S. Bandyopadhyay, “Conceptual design of the Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT) on the far side of the moon,” in 2021 IEEE Aerosp. Conf. (50100), USA, doi: 10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438165.