APA 7th referencing

Cochrane systematic review

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/DOI

Reference list example

Thomas, R. E., Jefferson, T., Lasserson, T. J., & Earnshaw, S. (2025). Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long-term care institutions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005187.pub6

In-text examples

UpToDate

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of article or entry. UpToDate. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL

Reference list example

Bordeaux, B. (2024). Benefits and risks of caffeine and caffeinated beverages. UpToDate. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benefits-and-risks-of-caffeine-and-caffeinated-beverages

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • Provide a retrieval date as the content will change over time
  • Take the year from the last updated date in the database

AMH, MIMs and Martindale

Reference components

Title of article or entry. (year). Title of Source in Italics. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL

Reference list examples

Atorvastatin. (2019). Australian Medicines Handbook. Retrieved November 7, 2019, from https://amhonline-amh-net-au.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-dyslipidaemia/statins/atorvastatin

Panamax. (2017). MIMS Online. Retrieved November 7, 2019, from https://www.mimsonline.com.au

Rheumatoid arthritis. (2019). Martindale. Retrieved November 11, 2019, from https://www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/martindale/17192-a4-3-w

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • The title moves to the author position when there is no author (“Atorvastatin,” 2019).
  • Provide a retrieval date as the content will change over time
  • When referencing MIMs, provide the URL for the homepage of the database

DSM-5 and ICD

Reference components

Author. (year). Title of chapter or entry. In Title of diagnostic manual in italics (# ed.). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/DOI or URL

Reference list examples

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Feeding and eating disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x10_Feeding_and_Eating_Disorders

World Health Organization. (2024). Sleep-related movement disorders. In International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). http://id.who.int/icd/entity/49589409

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • When the author and the publisher are the same, omit the Publisher Name
  • When referring to the complete manual, use the Book reference type

Clinical practice guidelines

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s) or Organisation Name. (year). Title of clinical guideline in italics (Guideline no.). Source Name. URL

Reference list examples

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2020). Joint replacement (primary): Hip, knee and shoulder (NICE Guideline NG157). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG157

The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. (2023). Bronchiolitis. https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Bronchiolitis/

In-text examples

Extra tips

  • When the author and the source are the same, omit the Source Name
  • If there is no guideline number, omit from the reference