APA 7th referencing

Book

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of book in italics: Subtitle (# ed.). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/DOI or URL

Reference list examples

Crawford, L. A., & Novak, K. B. (2018). Individual and society: Sociological social psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=5323290

Doyle, T., McEachern, D., & MacGregor, S. (2015). Environment and politics (4th ed.). Routledge.

Grant, S. (2021). Australia Day. Harper Collins Publishers.

One - two authors

(Crawford & Novak, 2018).

OR

Crawford and Novak (2018) suggest…

Three or more authors

(Doyle et al., 2015).

OR

Doyle et al. (2015) argue…

Note. The abbreviation ‘et al.’ means and others.

If quoting

Crawford and Novak (2018) suggest that “patterns of communication within the family are also related to social class” (p. 195).

OR

“Patterns of communication within the family are also related to social class” (Crawford & Novak, 2018, p. 195).

  • For editions other than the first, include the edition number in brackets after the book title e.g. Environment and politics (4th ed.)
  • Provide a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL for online sources
  • For print books, omit the DOI/URL
  • When quoting, if an ebook has no page numbers, cite another identifier instead.

Chapter in an edited book

Reference components

Chapter Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle. In Editor Initial(s). Editor Surname (Ed.), Title of book in italics: Subtitle (# ed., pp. chapter page range). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/DOI or URL

Reference list examples

Bessarab, D., & Forrest, S. (2017). Anggaba jina nimoonggoon: Whose knowledge is that? Aboriginal perspectives of community development. In C. Kickett-Tucker, D. Bessarab, J. Coffin & M. Wright (Eds.), Mia mia Aboriginal community development: Fostering cultural security (pp. 1-18). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107741768.002

Kaye, J. (2014). The regulation of human genomics research. In D. Kumar & C. Eng (Eds.), Genomic medicine: Principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 259-269). Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=1780390

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association.

One - two authors

(Kaye, 2014).

OR

Kaye (2014) states…

Three or more authors

(Zeleke et al., 2020).

OR

Zeleke et al. (2020) reveal…

Note. The abbreviation ‘et al.’ means and others.

If quoting

“Before 2011, there was no one body that was responsible for oversight of the whole research process in the United Kingdom” (Kaye, 2014, p. 264).

OR

A review by Kaye (2014) found that “before 2011, there was no one body that was responsible for oversight of the whole research process in the United Kingdom” (p. 264).

  • For editions other than the first, include the edition number in brackets after the book title e.g. Environment and politics (4th ed.)
  • Provide a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL for online sources
  • For print books, omit the DOI/URL
  • When quoting, if an ebook has no page numbers cite another identifier instead

Conference paper

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year, Month Day). Title of paper in italics [Type of presentation]. Title of Conference: Subtitle, Location. https://doi.org/DOI or URL

Reference list examples

Della Vedova, M. L., Tacchini, E., Moret, S., Ballarin, G., DiPierro, M., & de Alfaro, L. (2018, May 16). Automatic online fake news detection combining content and social signals [Paper presentation]. 22nd Conference of Open Innovations Association: FRUCT, Jyvaskyla, Finland. https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsb?tp=&arnumber=8468301

Fredericks, J., & Lawrence, C. (2018, September 3). #thisismymob: Preserving and promoting Indigenous Australian cultural heritage [Paper presentation]. MobileCH 2018, Barcelona, Spain. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2176/paper3.pdf

White, H., Chan, J., & Cairns, A. (2020, February 13). Practitioner and researcher collaboration through a student master’s paper [Paper presentation]. VALA 2020: Focus on the Future, Melbourne. https://vala.org.au/vala2020-proceedings/vala2020-session-12-white

One - two authors

(Fredericks & Lawrence, 2018).

OR

Fredericks & Lawrence (2018) state…

Three or more authors

(Della Vedova et al., 2018).

OR

Della Vedova et al. (2018) argue…

Note. The abbreviation ‘et al.’ means and others.

If quoting

“The term land rights in Australia refers to the ongoing struggle to gain legal ownership of traditional lands for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people” (Fredericks & Lawrence, 2018, p. 4).

OR

Fredericks and Lawrence (2018) claimed that “the term land rights in Australia refers to the ongoing struggle to gain legal ownership of traditional lands for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people” (p. 4).

  • Provide a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL for online sources
  • For a poster, use [Poster presentation]
  • For conference proceedings published in a journal or book, follow the format for journal article or edited book chapter

Thesis

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of dissertation or thesis in italics [Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Source Name. URL

Reference list examples

Gao, W. (2018). Fuel properties and thermal processing of bio-oil and its derived fuel mixtures [Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University]. espace. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/75545

Ling, J. (2015). Lords and ladies of the modern age [Master’s thesis, Mills College]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://proquest.com/dissertations-theses/lords-ladies-modern-age/docview/1676462563/se-2?accountid=10382

(Gao, 2018).

OR

Gao (2018) suggests…

If quoting

Gao (2018) notes that “biochar has a very low ignition temperature” (p. 96).

OR

“Biochar has a very low ignition temperature” (Gao, 2018, p. 96).

Religious work

Reference components

Title of work in italics. (year). Publisher Name. URL (Original work published Year)

Reference list examples

King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769)

The Qur’an (M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, Trans.). (2004). Oxford University Press.

(King James Bible, 1769/2017).

The Qur’an (2004)…

  • Religious works are usually treated as having no author
  • If the original publication date is unknown, omit this from the reference. For versions of religious works that are republished, include the republished date
  • If referencing a translated version, include the translator after the title in the reference (e.g. The Qur’an example)
  • For print works, omit the URL

Classic work

Reference components

Author Surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of work in italics (Translator Initial(s). Surname, Trans.; Editor Initial(s). Surname, Ed.; # ed.). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/DOI or URL (Original work published Year)

Reference list examples

Aristotle. (1997). Poetics (G. Whalley, Trans.; J. Baxter & P. Atherton, Eds.). McGill-Queen’s University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=3330809 (Original work published ca. 350 B.C.E.)

Shakespeare, W. (1988). Richard III (J. Hankey, Ed.). Bristol Classic Press. (Original work published 1597)

Shakespeare, W. (2012). Romeo and Juliet. First Avenue Editions. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/curtin/detail.action?docID=5445113 (Original work published 1599)

(Aristotle, ca. 350 B.C.E/1997).

Shakespeare (1599/2012) wrote…

  • If referencing a translated version, include the translator after the title in the reference
  • When the date of original publication is ancient, use the abbreviation B.C.E. (stands for ‘before the common era’), and if the date is approximate, use the abbreviation ca. (stands for ‘circa’)
  • For print works, omit the DOI/URL